As previously discussed on this blog, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 and the NDAA for Fiscal Year 2018 imposed new limitations on when the Department of Defense can use Lowest Price Technically Acceptable source selection methods.  Just last month, the Department of Defense issued a final rule amending the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement to implement those provisions.  Now, in Inserso Corp., B-417791, B-417791.3, Nov. 4, 2019, GAO has weighed in on what counts as LPTA for purposes of those restrictions.  This decision may indicate a potentially significant limitation on the reach of the NDAA provisions, new DFARS rule, and proposed FAR rule.

In Inserso, the protester argued that the 2017 NDAA restricted not only DoD’s use of an LPTA source selection process, but also the use of (what the protestor labeled) LPTA criteria within the evaluation process.  Specifically, the protester challenged the fact that, under the RFQ, the agency would (1) “first rank quotations according to price, from lowest to highest”; (2) then “evaluate the five lowest-priced quotations as either technically acceptable or unacceptable” (while “reserving the right to evaluate additional quotations”); (3) then “evaluate only technically acceptable quotations under the past performance factor”; and (4) award the task order to the offeror “considered to be the Best Value based upon a price/past performance trade-off” (alteration omitted).  According to the protester, the 2017 NDAA required the agency to conduct a tradeoff between price and technical factors — rather than relegating the technical factor to a pass/fail gating criterion.

The agency, by contrast, took the position that the 2017 NDAA prohibited the use of LPTA criteria only “as the basis for award.”  The agency pointed to the discussion of LPTA “Source Selection Process” in FAR 15.101-2, and asserted that a tradeoff between price and past performance would not fall within the FAR’s description of an LPTA process.  Accordingly, the agency argued that as long as the source selection culminated in a tradeoff between price and past performance, that did not count as LPTA for purposes of the 2017 NDAA — even if the technical factor was used as a pass/fail gating criterion.

GAO sided with the agency, on the ground that the agency was entitled to Chevron deference:  “Although Inserso’s interpretation of the statute may be considered reasonable, we find the agency’s interpretation of [the 2017 NDAA] is also reasonable.”  Thus, because the protester could not identify “anything in [the 2017 NDAA] or in regulation that specifically precludes the RFQ’s selection criteria, which uses a price/past performance tradeoff as the basis of source selection, [GAO] conclude[d] the RFQ’s evaluation scheme does not violate procurement law.”

Inserso marks a potentially significant limitation on the new statutory and regulatory provisions restricting agencies’ use of LPTA source selection methods.  The reach and boundaries of GAO’s decision remain to be seen. Stay tuned for further developments.

Print:
Email this postTweet this postLike this postShare this post on LinkedIn
Photo of Kayleigh Scalzo Kayleigh Scalzo

Ranked by Chambers USA among government contracts practitioners, Kayleigh Scalzo represents government contractors in bid protests and other high-stakes litigation matters with the government and other private parties. She has litigated bid protests in a wide variety of forums, including the Government Accountability…

Ranked by Chambers USA among government contracts practitioners, Kayleigh Scalzo represents government contractors in bid protests and other high-stakes litigation matters with the government and other private parties. She has litigated bid protests in a wide variety of forums, including the Government Accountability Office, U.S. Court of Federal Claims, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, FAA Office of Dispute Resolution for Acquisition, federal and state agencies, and state courts.

Kayleigh a co-chair of the American Bar Association Public Contract Law Section’s Bid Protest Committee. She is also a frequent speaker on bid protest issues.

Kayleigh maintains an active pro bono practice focused on immigration issues and gender rights.

Photo of Jay Carey Jay Carey

Recognized by Chambers as one of the nation’s top bid protest lawyers and government contracts practitioners, Jay Carey represents clients in complex, high-stakes government procurements often worth billions of dollars. He is a vice-chair of the firm’s Government Contracts practice group and a…

Recognized by Chambers as one of the nation’s top bid protest lawyers and government contracts practitioners, Jay Carey represents clients in complex, high-stakes government procurements often worth billions of dollars. He is a vice-chair of the firm’s Government Contracts practice group and a co-chair of the Aerospace, Defense, and National Security industry group.

Jay has won bid protests collectively worth more than $100 billion, for clients across a range of industries — including aerospace & defense, energy, healthcare, biotechnology, cybersecurity, IT, and telecommunications. He litigates protests before the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO); the Court of Federal Claims (COFC); and state tribunals across the country. A list of his recent wins can be found under the “Representative Matters” tab.

In addition, Jay advises clients on compliance matters, conducts internal investigations, and defends against investigations by federal and state agencies. He also counsels clients on matters related to the formation of government contracts, including organizational conflicts of interest and the protection of intellectual property rights when entering into procurement contracts, grants, cooperative agreements, and “Other Transaction Authority” agreements with the government.

Jay serves as co-chair of the American Bar Association Public Contract Law Section’s Bid Protest Committee.

Photo of Andrew Guy Andrew Guy

Andrew Guy advises clients across a broad range of government contracting issues — including regularly representing contractors in bid protests before the U.S. Court of Federal Claims and the U.S. Government Accountability Office (“GAO”).

Andrew also has extensive investigations and False Claims Act…

Andrew Guy advises clients across a broad range of government contracting issues — including regularly representing contractors in bid protests before the U.S. Court of Federal Claims and the U.S. Government Accountability Office (“GAO”).

Andrew also has extensive investigations and False Claims Act experience. He routinely assists clients in responding to Civil Investigative Demands and other government inquiries.

Before joining the firm, Andrew clerked for the Honorable Kenneth F. Ripple of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.